GeographyVancouver
is located in southwest British Columbia, about 40 km north of the
border between Canada and the United States as a natural port situated
on entrance Borard, which makes the city special importance. The ships can use the port throughout the year because the water does not freeze. The Vancouver entrance Canada to the Pacific Ocean.Vancouver site in the stateVancouver covers an area of 115 km ² of the southern coast of entrance Borard. For a privileged position where located near the coastal mountains and the ocean. Helped
the surrounding mountains and the warm winds coming from the ocean to
have a nice mild weather even though it is located in the far north. The average temperature in Vancouver 2 ° C in January and 17 ° C in July. And
the Vancouver metropolitan area called Greater Vancouver, and occupies
2,786 km ², the third largest urban areas in Canada after Montreal and
Toronto for the population. HistoryBegan the first permanent settlement in a location that is now Vancouver near Elmandjra (sawmill), which was built in 1865. The presence rich timber resources impact on the speed of the city's stability. In
1884 chose the Canadian Pacific Railway this site to be the last
western edge of the rail first Canadian across the continent.
Vancouver,Amrica,America
wancouverr
Canadian city located south west of British Columbia, was named after
Captain George Vancouver, the largest city in the state of British
Columbia population of 2,180,737 people, according to Census 2006. Form part of a huge conurbation includes several cities called Greater Vancouver
vidio about Vancouver,Amrica,most beautiful places in America
great image aboutVancouver,Amrica
EconomyVancouver is the largest center for the wholesale and retail trades in Western Canada. And employs about 100,000 workers in the Greater Vancouver businesses. There are the main offices of most of the companies operating in British Columbia. Tourism is one of the most advanced and activities desorbed for employment.
great image about Vancouver
The
province's economy
is based on natural resources, and primarily on the
vast forests that cover approximately 56% of the total area of the
province. Cover boycott of paper products and wood nearly half of the needs of all of Canada. The tourism sector is the second largest supplier to the province's economy. Visit the province each year, nearly 15 million tourists. The
area of provincial parks total 5 million acres, and keep the Rocky
Mountain chain's largest tourist attraction in the province. The
coast beaches boycott, and walking routes on foot, and artists'
colonies, and wildlife, whale watching, also is a key tourist
attractions.In
1995 I got the city of Vancouver on the silver medal for second place
among the 118 countries on the basis of living life and the environment,
came in a version of the Corporate Resources Group in Geneva,
Switzerland. [2], and also the most expensive cities. Will assess where the 2010 Olympic Games.
Times Square (in English: Times Square) Square (Square) in Manhattan in New York is located at the intersection of Broadway and Seventh Avenue. Smit Baltimes Square because of an office building New York Times previously (currently the number one building in Times Square).
amazing image about Times Square, America , most beautiful places in America ·
Held celebrate New Year's Eve each year and is attended by hundreds of thousands.
And Times Square of the most important tourist areas in New York, and by all international restaurants such as and its replace "world m & m's own beans chocolate.
vidio about Times Square, America , most beautiful places in America ·
And there trips Balatotbissat red with roles for tourists to discover New York. And Square Thames plenty of hotels famous such as Sheraton .
Times Square, America , most beautiful places in America ·
Economically bridge
Pricing traffic
Despite the great movement on the bridge, it can not rely on the transit fee proceeds only to finance maintenance.
Because the size of the Golden Gate Bridge enormous, it requires many of the maintenance work to maintain it, and requires a lot of money. Bridge to the north of San Francisco Bay, taken each year about 42 million vehicles [48] bridge became necessary for users in the region. The first source to finance the construction of the bridge is the result of transit fee, which was established since the opening of the suspension bridge on May 23, 1937. Initially, the fee is 50 cents in both directions, with an additional 5 cents if the cars were carrying more than three passengers . Evolution after that price, the first decline in the period between 1937 and October 19, 1968 [49], to the value of 25 cents in both directions. In 1968 marked a turning point in the pricing policy applied: crossing the bridge from the south to the north became free but the price doubled to users of the bridge from the north of the San Francisco Bay to the city of San Francisco. Today, the regular price is six dollars to cross to the south, and is free in the opposite direction. And the price drops to three dollars for participatory cars during peak hours [50]. Transit fee income amounted to $ 84 million (during the fiscal years 2003-2004 and 2004-2005 [49]), but this amount has no effect on the economy of the city of San Francisco, where only allowed to cover part of the day-to-day maintenance of the structure. Golden Gate Bridge is a vital street for trade between the city of San Francisco and Northern California, but earns nothing from nothing. On the other hand, it needs external financing in order to function properly, the addition of corresponding seismic standards.
However, in total,
the bridge has a very positive impact on the region. Before its construction, was used ferries to reach the North Bay, and that was not allowed to move a lot of goods and very limiting trade between southern and northern Gulf. And building a bridge, became and other means of transportation are able to cross the Golden Gate Strait. Access to the city of San Francisco and other cities in southern California is easier than other cities in the country, such as Los Angeles.
Administration and Management
Logo GGBHTD responsible for managing the bridge
District mission is to provide a safe and sound management, maintenance and improvements to the Golden Gate Bridge, the provision of transport services as well as the resources necessary for users Highway 101 which crosses the bridge [51]. The support of the authorities in the state of California, the District succeeded in establishing a network of buses and ferries in the Gulf, despite the lack of access to funds allocated for this purpose. In fact, the Authority does not have the ability to raise money through taxes, and therefore must rely on the surplus resulting from transit fees, as well as the proposed transport prices (buses and ferries) to be able to finance itself. Transit fees funded 50% of the transport network Tkalpv / tickets provided 30% of the funds needed . The remaining 20% covered by federal grants and local California. Ads and equipment rental company also contributes to the provision of financial liquidity.
Golden Gate Bridge
GGBHTD manages a board of directors composed of nineteen members representing the six provinces that have contributed to its formation. San Francisco County lion's share of the members of the Board to nine members, appointed by someone mayor of San Francisco, and preside over the meeting. Marin County north of the bridge four members, and Sonoma County three, while one person represents the remaining provinces: Napa County, Mendocino County and Del Norte County [52]. Leaders are paid to members $ 50 per meeting, can reach the value to $ 5,000 per year, and $ 7,500 to the Director of the Council.
Seismic Risk
Difficult experiences
Earthquakes and storms
Tacoma bridge collapse Narus, 7 November 1940
great image about,Golden Gate Bridge
Date 7 November 1940 saw the collapse of the third world's largest suspension bridge at the time, Bridge Tacoma Narus, sparking resentment of the Golden Gate Bridge Engineers Lyon Musev, a senior engineer the Golden Gate Bridge, and the bridge Tacoma Narus also falling became guilty fact that the bridge was designed not to not flexible enough. [54] have been contacted Charles Ellis, another engineer bridge the Golden Gate, to study the strength of the bridge, not even a disaster similar to the disaster Tacoma Bridge. But the results of the study were reassuring: the Tacoma Bridge Incident the Narus due in fact to narrow by 1 of 72 between length and width. And the risk of repeated problem with the Golden Gate Bridge, which has increased by 1 of 47 ATP report, therefore very low. What reassured engineers about the bridge's ability to face the risks of weather. However, the seismic risk is still not perceived.
Faced San Francisco several earthquakes of varying strength, and remains constant threat of earthquake can be deadly and destructive to the Golden Gate Bridge. According to scientists, it is falling magnitude earthquake did not know the city within five and thirty years to come. Earthquake in 1906, and magnitude 7.9 on the Richter scale, destroyed a large part of the city of San Francisco. Expectations and paint the largest earthquake parameters tragic end to the Golden Gate Bridge, especially since suspended several bridges showed fragility in the past.
Seismic risk is reflected
A section of the Bridge Bay Bridge, which was damaged by the tremors.
vidio about Golden Gate Bridge
This was in the late eighties of the twentieth century, with the earthquake in Loma Prieta strongly 6.9, when authorities realized what an earthquake can be a risk, not only for humans but also outstanding for bridges. Harvesting Loma Prieta earthquake 62 victims, and more than 3,000 wounded and damage estimated at more than five billion dollars. Among the buildings that were damaged by the disaster, Bridge Bay Bridge , which was built in the same time with the Golden Gate Bridge, and partly with the same crew. Integral part of the collapsed bridge between the San Francisco Bay in the nearby city of Auckland. Quake, which was centered in the Santa Cruz Mountains [55], 80 kilometers from the bridge, has had an impact in the first place in the San Francisco Bay Area.
Influenced by the Golden Gate Bridge earthquake,
but without any damage [20]. Violent shaking move and suspension links, between the ropes and the road, and the interaction of the bridge according to the precautions taken by the engineers: ataxia bridge مخمدا earthquake forces, before to be free from vibrations and movements. Power dissipation saved the Golden Gate Bridge from the disaster. [56] For this reason, projects are being implemented wide range of seismic protection techniques to protect the bridge from seismic threat is imminent, may not happen this time at a distance of 80 km from the temple.
Seismic hazard source stems from the occurrence of the city of San Francisco between Sdein more cracks California active, the San Andres Fault and the Hayward fault . Every crack draws the border between two tectonic plates, the continental plates are moving continuously, but not always in the same directions. After some time, crumble zones friction plates at the end of the day, and in addition to the effects of the crash, and liberated tensions accumulated since its inception. This is what happened during the earthquake of 1906, one of the most violent earthquakes in history.
Permanent renewal process and basic
Maintenance worker on the bridge deck.
Even be a major San Francisco
Bay bridges able to withstand a major earthquake, they benefit from the program of modernization and conform to the standards . For Bridge Bay Bridge spent more than two billion dollars in order to avoid catastrophe for Loma Prieta, and repeated again scene of the collapse of part of it. Engineers took the Golden Gate Bridge more precautions during construction to protect the bridge from natural disasters, and earthquakes also hit Gulf regularly. Seismic and architectural idiosyncrasies in the bridge, we find on each side of the bridge stretch breaks allow, in case the shock to the bridge, dispersed between the parts of the bridge on each side to slip. This spacing can be up to 43 centimeters, however, recent experiments have shown that these precautions are not enough to cope with an earthquake.
Business update and matching criteria are based on two pillars: the pillars of flexible isolate different parts of the bridge, in addition to the dampers are supposed to ease the trauma. Scientists believe that the next big earthquake will happen within five the next thirty years, but it could very well happen within a month, a year or ten years. For this reason, the bridge in constant renewal, with the ultimate objective of maintaining the bridge in the face of the earthquake measuring 8.3 on the Richter scale.
may be a bridge spanning the strait, the gap of the metropolis Bay into the Pacific Ocean. As a part of each U.S. Route one zero one and Golden State State Route one, the structure links town of metropolis, on the northern tip of the metropolis earth, to Marin County. it's one in all the foremost internationally recognized symbols of metropolis, California, and therefore the us. it's been declared one in all the trendy Wonders of the planet by the yankee Society of Civil Engineers. The Frommers travel guide considers the strait Bridge "possibly the foremost lovely, definitely the foremost photographed, bridge within the world".[7]
Golden Gate Bridge,most beautiful places in America
vidio about Golden Gate Bridge,most beautiful places in America
History
Ferry service
Golden Gate with Fort purpose in foreground, c. 1891
Before
the bridge was engineered, the sole sensible short route between
metropolis and what's currently Marin County was by boat across a part
of metropolis Bay. Ferry service began as early as 1820, with often
scheduled service starting within the decennary for functions of
transporting water to metropolis,The Sausalito Land and Ferry
Company service, launched in 1867, eventually became the strait Ferry
Company, a Southern Pacific Railroad subsidiary, the most important
ferry operation within the world by the late Twenties. Once for
railroad passengers and customers solely, Southern Pacific's automobile
ferries became terribly profitable and vital to the regional
economy.[10] The ferry crossing between the Hyde Street Pier in
metropolis and Sausalito in Marin County took about twenty minutes and
value US$1.00 per vehicle, a worth later reduced to contend with the new
bridge.The trip from the metropolis Ferry Building took twenty
seven minutes.
Many needed to
create a bridge to attach
metropolis to Marin County. metropolis was the most important yankee
town still served primarily by ferry boats. as a result of it didn't
have a permanent link with communities round the bay, the city's rate
was below the national average. several consultants aforesaid that a
bridge couldn’t be engineered across the vi,700 ft (2,042 m) strait. It
had robust, whirling tides and currents, with water 372 linear unit
(113 m) deep[13] at the middle of the channel, and frequent robust
winds. consultants aforesaid that fierce winds and glaring fogs would
stop construction and operation
Conception
Although
the thought of a bridge spanning the strait wasn't new, the proposal
that eventually took hold was created in an exceedingly 1916 metropolis
Bulletin article by former engineering student James Wilkins.[14] San
Francisco's town Engineer calculable the value at $100 million,
impractical for the time, and fielded the question to bridge engineers
of whether or not it can be engineered for fewer.[8] One WHO responded,
Joseph Strauss, was AN bold however dreamy engineer and author WHO had,
for his graduate thesis, designed a 55-mile (89 km) long railroad bridge
across the strait.[15] At the time, Strauss had completed some four
hundred drawbridges—most of that were inland—and nothing on the size of
the new project.[3] Strauss's initial drawings[14] were for a vast
cantilever on all sides of the strait, connected by a central suspension
section, that Strauss secure can be engineered for $17 million.
Local authorities
in
agreement to proceed solely on the peace of mind that Strauss alter the
planning and settle for input from many consulting project
consultants.[citation needed] A suspension-bridge style was thought of
the foremost sensible, owing to recent advances in science.
Strauss
spent over a decade percussion up support in Northern Golden State.[16]
The bridge visaged opposition – together with legal proceeding – from
several sources. The Department of War was involved that the bridge
would interfere with ship traffic; the navy feared that a ship collision
or sabotage to the bridge might block the doorway to at least one of
its main harbors. Unions demanded guarantees that native staff would be
favored for construction jobs. Southern Pacific Railroad, one in all the
foremost powerful business interests in Golden State, opposed the
bridge as competition to its ferry fleet and filed a legal proceeding
against the project, resulting in a mass boycott of the ferry
service.[8] In might 1924, commissioned military officer Herbert Deakyne
command the second hearing on the Bridge on behalf of the Secretary of
War in an exceedingly request to use federal land for construction.
Deakyne, on behalf of the Secretary of War, approved the transfer of
land required for the bridge structure and leading roads to the
"Bridging the strait Association" and each metropolis County and Marin
County, unfinished any bridge plans by Strauss.[17] Another ally was the
fledgling industry, that supported the event of roads and bridges to
extend demand for vehicles.
great picture Golden Gate Bridge,America
Local authorities
in agreement to proceed solely on the peace of mind that Strauss
alter the planning and settle for input from many consulting project
consultants.[citation needed] A suspension-bridge style was thought of
the foremost sensible, owing to recent advances in science.
Strauss spent over
a decade percussion up support in Northern Golden
State.[] The bridge visaged opposition – together with legal
proceeding – from several sources. The Department of War was involved
that the bridge would interfere with ship traffic; the navy feared that a
ship collision or sabotage to the bridge might block the doorway to at
least one of its main harbors. Unions demanded guarantees that native
staff would be favored for construction jobs. Southern Pacific Railroad,
one in all the foremost powerful business interests in Golden State,
opposed the bridge as competition to its ferry fleet and filed a legal
proceeding against the project, resulting in a mass boycott of the ferry
service.] In might 1924, commissioned military officer Herbert
Deakyne command the second hearing on the Bridge on behalf of the
Secretary of War in an exceedingly request to use federal land for
construction. Deakyne, on behalf of the Secretary of War, approved the
transfer of land required for the bridge structure and leading roads to
the "Bridging the strait Association" and each metropolis County and
Marin County, unfinished any bridge plans by Strauss. Another ally
was the fledgling industry, that supported the event of roads and
bridges to extend demand for vehicles.
It was used waterfalls in electric power generation, which encouraged
the growth of industry and also encouraged the presence of tourism
where frequented by many visitors to enjoy this scenery in this scenic,
where the Canadian side most beautiful sites of the waterfalls,
especially in the city of Niagara as well as site Rock obsession with
travel visitors in elevators landing them to the special passages carved
in the rock to reach the site directly behind the waterfalls are
providing protective clothing from getting wet and watched a large
amount of visitors flowing water has carved waterfalls American big gap
called Wind Cave
Falls is heavy Falls on the Niagara River and is
located between the city of Niagara in the U.S. state of New York and
the City of Niagara in the Canadian province of Ontario. The highest
rise of the Falls on the U.S. side 56 meters and in the Canadian side 54
meters. It consists of Fallan: Alochkr a waterfall Horseshoe
(horseshoe) on the Canadian side and waterfalls American a straight
separated by Goat Island (goats). There is a small waterfall on the
American side called waterfall the Breydel Weil (Scarves bride) next
island colors.
great picture Niagara Falls,America ,
and is located between the city of Niagara in the U.S. state of New York and the City of Niagara in the Canadian province of Ontario. The highest rise of the Falls on the U.S. side 56 meters and in the Canadian side 54 meters. It consists of Fallan: Alochkr a waterfall Horseshoe (horseshoe) on the Canadian side and waterfalls American a straight separated by Goat Island (goats). There is a small waterfall on the American side called waterfall the Breydel Weil (Scarves bride) next island colors.
Niagara Falls,America ,most beautiful places in America
Niagara Falls is one of the most beautiful and most spectacular waterfalls in the world, a derivative called Niagara River is located in North America and the length of the river 54.5 km and connects between Lake Erie in the south and Lake Ontario in the north
And located the international border between the United States and Canada in the middle of the Niagara River and a section of the waterfalls in the United States, but the bulk is in Canada, which are known as (Horsto) any horseshoe Aalhassan and a width of 830 CE were dug water falling in rocks formed body Horseshoe, which was derived name
vidio about Niagara Falls,America ,most beautiful places in America
It was used waterfalls in electric power generation, which encouraged the growth of industry and also encouraged the presence of tourism where frequented by many visitors to enjoy this scenery in this scenic, where the Canadian side most beautiful sites of the waterfalls, especially in the city of Niagara as well as site Rock obsession with travel visitors in elevators landing them to the special passages carved in the rock to reach the site directly behind the waterfalls are providing protective clothing from getting wet and watched a large amount of visitors flowing water has carved waterfalls American big gap called Wind Cave
Falls is heavy Falls on the Niagara River and is located between the city of Niagara in the U.S. state of New York and the City of Niagara in the Canadian province of Ontario. The highest rise of the Falls on the U.S. side 56 meters and in the Canadian side 54 meters. It consists of Fallan: Alochkr a waterfall Horseshoe (horseshoe) on the Canadian side and waterfalls American a straight separated by Goat Island (goats). There is a small waterfall on the American side called waterfall the Breydel Weil (Scarves bride) next island colors.
On average, Flowing 6 million cubic feet (168,000 m³) of water per minute,
making it one of the strongest Falls north America precipitously. The waterfalls are used to generate electricity as well as attract a lot of tourists, making it an important economic milestone. The waterfalls were discovered by a American Indians who fancied his statue next to the waterfalls on the one hand the U.S. side.
Niagara Falls is one of the most beautiful
and most spectacular waterfalls in the world, a derivative called Niagara River is located in North America and the length of the river 54.5 km and connects between Lake Erie in the south and Lake Ontario in the north
And located the international border between the United States and Canada in the middle of the Niagara River and a section of the waterfalls in the United States, but the bulk is in Canada, which are known as (Horsto) any horseshoe Aalhassan and a width of 830 CE were dug water falling in rocks formed body Horseshoe, which was derived name
i is that the portion of the Mississippi upstream of Cairo, Illinois, us. From the source at Lake Itasca, Minnesota, the stream flows about 2000 kilometers (1250 mi) to Cairo, wherever it's joined by the river to create the Lower Mississippi.
Beautiful picture ,Upper Mississippi River, America
Big picture Upper Mississippi River,most beautiful places in America
History
In terms of earth science and hydrographical history, the higher
Mississippi could be a portion of the now-extinct Glacial stream Warren
that sculpted the vale of the American state stream, allowing the
Brobdingnagian Glacial Lake Louis Agassiz to affix the world's oceans at
the Gulf of United Mexican States. The collapse of ice dams holding
back Glacial Lake Duluth and Glacial Lake Grantsburg sculpted out the
Dalles of the Saint Croix stream. "The higher Mississippi vale possible
originated as associate ice-marginal stream throughout what had been
cited because the “Nebraskan” glaciation. Current language would place
this as Pre-Illinoian Stage.
vidio Upper Mississippi River,most beautiful places in America
The Driftless space
could
be a portion of North America left unglaciated at that ice age's
height, thus not ironed out or coated over by previous geologic
processes.
Inasmuch because the Wisconsin glaciation shaped lobes that met (and
blocked) wherever the Mississippi currently flows, and on condition that
Brobdingnagian amounts of glacial H2O were flowing into the Driftless
space, which there's no lakebed, it's assumed that there have been
instances of ice dams explosive. Considering the history of Glacial Lake
Missoula, one thing like this is often believed to own happmost
beautiful places in America
Coordinates:
Click the blue globe to open associate degree interactive map.
Nā Pali Coast State Park encompasses vi,175 acres (2,499 ha) of land and
is found within the center of the rugged sixteen miles (26 km) on the
northwest facet of Kauaʻi, the oldest underpopulated Hawaiian island.
The Nā Pali coast itself extends southwest beginning at Keʻe Beach
extending all the thanks to Polihale State Park. The Pali (cliffs) rise
as high as four,000 feet (1,200 m) on top of the Pacific Ocean. The
state park was shaped to safeguard the Kalalau vale.
Beautiful picture Nā Pali Coast State Park,most beautiful places in America
Although inaccessible to vehicles,
this
coast are often enjoyed by hiking, yachting (in kayaks from could
fifteen through Labor Day) or from a whirlybird. The Kalalau path from
the top of Hawaii Route fifty six (called the Kuhio Highway) provides
the sole land access, traversing eleven miles (18 km) and crossing 5
major valleys (and several smaller ones) before reaching Kalalau Beach
at the bottom of Kalalau vale. To the east of the state park is that
the Hono O Nā Pali state Natural Reserve. it had been established in
1983, and so extended to over three,578 acres (14.5 km2) in 2009.
vidio about Nā Pali Coast State Park,Tourism,travel,historyandarcheology
Big picture Nā Pali Coast State Park,most beautiful places in America
